It used to be that the city of Ostia ("mouth") was at the mouth of the Tiber River, at the junction of the river leading into the Mediterranean Sea. When Rome started its expansion along the Mediterranean it was considered its first colony - serving as a naval base. The city layout give a hint to this as the walled city contained two major roads with the forum at the center. When Rome controlled the region its focus switched from military to commercial and its main use was to take imports and transport them to Rome. In particular the city was known for its high-quality grain.
The city fell into a slow decline as newer ports were built nearby that could handle more load. Eventually Ostia ceased to be a port city. When Rome was conquered Ostia was ignored due to its insignificance. Over time silting shifted the sea line and the site now lies 2 miles from the sea. It is because of the silting and its long-forgotten status that the ruins are preserved though people did loot some of the materials onsite as "properties of antiquity" or as material to build churches all over Italy.
LOGISTICS
Cost: €13.00
How to get there (from Termini):
At the metro station, take Line B to Porta San Paolo (Piramide). Then take the train Roma-Lido and get off at Ostia Antica. Continue straight ahead for about 5 minutes to the entrance to Ostia Antica.
Allow about 3-4 hours minimum for visit. Though there is a cafeteria, selection is limited so bring food. Also bring water and sunscreen (if necessary).
Unlike MUHBA in Barcelona, there is little signage at the site itself. Therefore to get the most out of your visit it's highly recommended to read up on the ruins itself or get a good guide, audio or personal. For my visit I used the services of a guide via Walks of Italy on a now-defunct tour that also included Castel Gandolfo.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Necropolis
- Porta Romana which leads you to the main street "Decumanus Maximus".
- Baths of Neptune (mosaic of Neptune in the bottom of bathtub).
- Firefighter's Barracks
- Theater that house up to 4000 spectators. Entertainment was varied but included gladiator fights and plays. The theater still holds concerts to this day.
- Square of the Guilds which housed offices of various guilds and businesses. Mosaics advertised in various pictograms the purpose of a particular office for people illiterate or not versed in Latin.
- House of the Millstones which ground grain.
- The "caseggiato" of the thermopolium aka a tavern. Pictograms depict what was served.
- The Forum containing a Capitolium dedicated to Jupiter, Juno and Minerva (aka Zeus, Hera and Athena).
- The Round Temple with purpose unclear: could be either similar to Roman Pantheon (worship of all Roman gods) or an augusteum (veneration of the emperor)
- The Forum baths. During this time people bathe publicly. There were rooms containing cold water, lukewarm water and hot water. Nearby are the famous public toilets.
- Temple of Hercules
While Pompeii and Herculaneum are the more famous sights to go on a daytrip from Rome if you choose to do that you're in for a long day. When planning my Rome itinerary I chose to save those sights for when I explore southern Italy. Another reason for Ostia Antica is that it resembles an actual Roman city at its heyday whereas Pompeii and Herculaneum were resort towns. Finally Ostia Antica, being an under-appreciated Roman ruins has less crowds and being situated closer to Rome is more easily accomplished if DIY-ing a daytrip. read more