Fort Mifflin or originally Fort Island Battery or Mud Island Fort was commissioned in 1771 but did…read morenot actually get completed until 1775(6).
The fort eventually was named for General Thomas Mifflin, who later became governor of Pennsylvania and was known for standing up against Virginia slave catchers even though he was quite squirrly while Governor.
From the website:
"The Americans had secured a British built fortification, sitting on Mud Island, just below the city and across the river from New Jersey's Fort Mercer in 1775. By the fall of 1777 approximately 200 men were garrisoned at this fort, now known as Fort Mifflin, charged with the duty of holding the British off "to the last extremity" so that Washington and his exhausted army could successfully move into winter quarters.
It was here, on the frozen, marshy ground within the walls of a stone and wood fort, the American Revolution produced a shining moment. Cold, ill and starving, the young garrison of (now) 400 men at Fort Mifflin refused to give up. The valiant efforts of the men at Fort Mifflin held the mighty British Navy at bay providing Washington and his troops time to arrive safely at Valley Forge where they shaped a strong and confident army. This battle escalated into the greatest bombardment of the American Revolution and one that many say changed the course of American history.
For nearly six weeks in the fall of 1777, American troops in Fort Mifflin and Fort Mercer frustrated British naval attempts to re-supply their occupying forces in Philadelphia. Early in the morning on November 10, 1777, the British took definitive action to reach Philadelphia via the Delaware. Daybreak brought a rain of cannon fire upon Fort Mifflin beginning the largest bombardment of the Revolutionary War.
Under the direction of French Major Francois de Fleury, an engineer and tireless worker, the Americans worked each night to repair the damage of the day.
On November 15th, finally clear after days of rain and high tides, the British sailed the Vigilant and the Fury, with nineteen cannon up the back channel to the west of Fort Mifflin. In the main channel of the Delaware three ships armed with 158 cannon anchored directly offshore of the fort, while to the east three additional ships armed with 51 cannon completed the naval assault.
Against this show of force, Fort Mifflin could respond with only ten cannon. It was reported that during one hour, 1000 cannon balls were fired at the fort. As the battle progressed, British Marines climbed to the crow's nest of the Vigilant and threw hand grenades at the soldiers in the fort.
Exhausted, cold and out of ammunition, Major Simeon Thayer evacuated Fort Mifflin's garrison to Fort Mercer with muffled oars after nightfall on November 15. Forty men remained at the fort and set fire to what was left before making their way across the Delaware to join their comrades. They crossed to New Jersey around midnight leaving Fort Mifflin ablaze, but the flag still flying."
Summary of importance: During the American Revolutionary War, the British Army bombarded and captured the fort as part of their conquest of Philadelphia in autumn 1777. The United States Army began to rebuild the fort in 1794 and continued to garrison and build on the site through the 19th century. It housed prisoners during the Civil War.
If you go:
Finding the fort itself isn't terribly difficult. It's very close to 95 and then you just snake along the outer perimeter of PHL airport. It will almost feel like you're about to enter into some kind of secure area where you'll be met by police, keep going, it's worth it. Eventually you make a left turn at an almost unmarked road which takes you to the fort. Parking is on a small stone/gravel lot that has room for twenty or so cars.
We went in September on the Smithsonian Free Museum Day. Sign up on their site, pick a museum and you're good for free access for two people. I had three with me and I was expecting to have to a pay for my third except the dude behind the register just waived me on and said don't worry about it. Pretty much if you had the paper for the free day, everyone was free regardless of group size.
Note that if you have time, Bartram's Gardens and Heinz Wildlife Refuge are both only a few minutes away. Each place is an excellent B-List stop that is worth a visit.
The fort is open to the public from March through Mid-December, Wednesday-Sunday 10am-4pm.
General Admission Fees:
Adults - $8
Seniors - $6
Children (6 to 12) and Veterans - $4
Children 5 years and younger - Free
Special Event Admission - Living History Events
Adults - $10
Seniors - $8
Children (6 to 12) and Veterans - $6
Children 5 years and younger - Free
Cash is preferred but credit/debit is accepted.
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