Vatican City s is both a functioning state and a sacred place, a center of global religion and a…read moretreasure house of art. As the residence of the Pope and the heart of the Catholic Church, it carries immense cultural and historical influence, drawing millions of visitors each year. Yet within its walls, there are quiet corners, gardens, and moments of stillness that offer space for reflection.
Vatican City, officially theVatican City Stateoften shortened asthe Vatican, is alandlockedsovereigncity-state. It is ruled by thepope and anenclavewithin the city ofRome, Italy, and serves as the administrative center of theCatholic Church. Vatican City is governed by theSeeofRome, commonly known as theHoly See, itself asovereign entity under international law, which maintainsits temporal power, governance, diplomacy, and spiritual independence.Vaticanis also used as ametonymfor the Holy See, which is the central governing body of the Catholic Church and Vatican City, comprising the pope and theRoman Curia. The independent state of Vatican City came into existence in 1929 via theLateran Treatybetween the Holy See and theKingdom of Italy, which spoke of it as a creation.
With an area of 121 acre and a population of about 1K , it is thesmallest sovereign state in the world both by areaandby population. It is the only country in the world with a population of under 1,000 people. It is among theleast populated capitalsin the world. As governed by the Holy See, Vatican City State is anecclesiasticalorsacerdotal-monarchicalstate ruled by the pope, who is thebishop of Romeand head of theCatholic Church; the highest state functionaries are allCatholic clergyof various origins. The Holy See dates toearly Christianityand is the principalepiscopal seeof the Catholic Church, which in 2018 had about 1.329billion baptized Catholics in the world, in theLatin Churchand 23Eastern Catholic Churches. After theAvignon Papacy(1309-1377) the popes have mainly resided at theApostolic Palacewithin what is now Vatican City, although at times residing instead in theQuirinal Palacein Rome or elsewhere.
Vatican City contains religious and cultural sites such asSt Peter's Basilica, theSistine Chapel, theVatican Apostolic Library, and theVatican Museums. They feature some of the world's most famous paintings and sculptures. Theeconomy of Vatican Cityis supported financially bydonations from Catholic believers, by the sale of postage stamps and souvenirs, fees for admission to museums, and sales of publications. Vatican City has no taxes, and items are duty-free.