Hamakua Marsh is just one of many examples in Hawaii of how human development has permanently…read morealtered the 'aina and affected wildlife habitat. This wetland area is located on the mauka edge of Kailua Town and is one of the few places that endangered native, endemic, and indigenous waterfowl can be seen so close to human habitation. As the result of a water diversion project, Hamakua Marsh is now much drier than before--a dying marsh.
Long ago, Hamakua Marsh was the site of an ancient lake near the ocean. Ocean spray, illuminated by the morning light, created mist on the hill behind the lake, called Pu'u o Ehu, or "Misty Hill." Eventually, ocean levels dropped, exposing more land and forming Hamakua Marsh around 1400 AD. Water from neighboring Kawainui Marsh flowed along Kawainui Stream to feed Hamakua Marsh. The water then skirted Ka'elepulu Pond and drained through a canal into Kailua Bay.
In 1952, a canal was built along the entire length of Kawainui Marsh and past Hamakua Marsh. This canal replaced Kawainui Stream to aid in flood control, provide pastureland, and create flood-free land for housing development on the makai (ocean) side of the canal. This caused Hamakua Marsh to begin drying out.
Due to flooding in 1987, the berm of the canal was raised 10 feet, permanently blocking water flow into Hamakua Marsh from Kawainui Stream. Today, Hamakua Marsh is dependent on rainfall runoff and saltwater backed up from Kailua Bay. There is minimal water turnover, resulting in poor water quality and further loss of habitat, particularly for native/indigenous/endemic plant and animal life.
In Hawaii, less than 10% of former wetlands exist. This loss of habitat endangers four species of birds found only in Hawaii, the Hawaiian Coot, Black Necked Stilt, Common Moorhen, and Hawaiian Duck (Koloa). All of these are found in Hamakua Marsh in ever-decreasing numbers. Fortunately, a public-private partnership effort is under way to save the Kawainui-Hamakua Marsh complex. Public meetings are being held September-November 2011 by Ho'olaulima Ia Kawainui to share information and invite public input. To participate or learn more, download the flyer at http://ahahui.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/kawainui-outreach-flyer_sept11.pdf
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