The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is located in a complex of new buildings at…read more600 Dulany Street in Alexandria, VA. The main goal of the USPTO is to receive patent applications from patent agents and patent attorneys, to examine the claims, to respond by writing rejections, and eventually where appropriate to grant allowances. In response to rejections ("Office Actions") patent agent or attorney writes a rebuttal argument, where the result is often allowance of the patent claims. Following allowance, the inventor pays a fee, and this is followed by issue and publication of the patent.
An excellent history of the USPTO is available (E. C. Walterscheid (1998) To Promote the Progress of Useful Arts: American Patent Law and Administration, 1787-1836).
An institution that is closely associated with the USPTO is a court called, the Federal Circuit. The Federal Circuit regularly hears cases in patent disputes and then drafts opinions. Patent agents, attorneys, and patent examiners must comply with the decisions in these opinions. An excellent history of the Federal Circuit is available (S. Flanders (2010) The Federal Circuit - A Judicial Innovation, Establishing a US Court of Appeals).
My interest in the USPTO arose, because in 1996 I was offered a job as a patent examiner. Instead, I studied for the patent bar exam and became a patent agent. Since then, I arrived at the understanding that the job of "patent examiner" must be the most difficult job in America, because it requires a prior art search, review of the prior art, specification, and claims, and drafting a lengthy and coherent rejection, in a limited time. In fact, one of the speakers at a meeting (Improving the Interface Between the USPTO and the Federal District Courts, USPTO & Berkeley Center for Law & Technology, Bancroft Hotel, Berkeley, CA; June 7, 2011) made this comment. The speaker (an attorney) stated that he didn't see how it was humanly possible for any person to do patent examiner job.
DATABASES. USPTO provides various searchable databases, which give access to issued patents, published patent applications, file histories (Public PAIR), and PTAB decisions. I have found these databases to be very easy to use, in terms of being able to pinpoint and acquire very distinct types of information. The information given is not redacted in any way.
WEB-BASED APPLICATION TOOLS. The days of submitting patent applications and rebuttals by way of snail mail are largely over, though it is still permitted to submit these things by traditional mail. USPTO website provides tools for submitting these documents to the USPTO. Although these tools are easy to use, they may require your computer expert to make some adjustments on your computer.
INFORMATION. USPTO also provides information, such as "Patent Subject Matter Eligibility" and "Changes to Implement the First Inventor To File Provision of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act." You need to take your own initiative to seek this information, because there does not exist any requirement that any patent agent or attorney keep up with this information. Also, USPTO provides free information regarding details on procedural things, such as the form and content of petitions, or how to overcome rejections based on claims that had inappropriate status identifiers.
PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE SOCIETY. Housed in the USPTO complex, is Patent and Trademark Office Society, which was founded in 1917. The Society publishes a monthly journal, which provides articles on topics that are practical to patent practitioners. The Society also awards the annual Rossman Memorial Award, for the best article Attached here is a photo of me receiving the 2016 Rossman Memorial Award.